Honestly a cool idea! It would make for a good side feature in my opinion. It’s great to be able to be creative and strategic to your advantage
I think that as a side feature, potion brewing should be a feature that’s utilized most by non-rusher players (A similar example of a side feature is furnaces) There are already advantages to being on the center island, like access to enchanting and smithing tables, so I don’t think brewing stands should exist there, just on individual islands.
I feel like having various potion ingredients in every chest would clutter up the contents, so maybe the ingredients could be spread out across the map like you said. It would kind of make for a fun and challenging quest.
These items could have small chances of generating in any chest, including island chests perhaps, so there would be a chance that a chest on your island has at least one brewing item. Brewing a potion already takes enough time and effort (especially in a faster-paced game like SkyWars), so the items should be decently accessible
Maps could come with a brewing stand on each spawn island in a certain place, kind of like how some maps have furnaces (I think). I mentioned earlier that potions would ideally be a side feature, so there wouldn’t be any brewing stands on the center island
Maybe a generated brewing stand could come already activated with blaze powder and include water bottles by default. This could always be made more or less complex; for example the water bottles could be awkward potions instead
In Solos, each brewing stand should come with only 1 bottle, so that players can’t acquire too many potions from visiting nearby spawn islands
In Teams of 2, there could also be 1 bottle per stand
In Teams of 4, there could be 2 bottles per stand
In addition, maybe there could be a new kit that gives you 3 randomly-selected potion ingredients and 1-2 extra bottles to use. It could also come with a random potion, too (The amounts of these items could always be changed)